Facial Paralysis

Peripheral facial paralysis can develop due to many different reasons.
Bell’s Palsy
• Is the most common cause of facial paralysis
• Although the exact cause is unknown, it is thought to be related to viral infections
• Usually unilateral
• Most of the patients completely recover within a few weeks-months
Viral Infections
• Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
• Varicella-zoster virus (shingles) → Ramsay Hunt syndrome
• Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus and flu viruses
These infections can cause inflammation of the facial nerve, leading to paralysis.
Trauma and Surgical Causes
• Blows to the head and face area
• Ear surgeries
• Tooth extractions and jaw surgeries
Tumors
• Acoustic neuroma
• Parotid gland tumors
• Brainstem tumors
These tumors can put pressure on the facial nerve, leading to the development of paralysis.
Autoimmune and Systemic Diseases
• Guillain-Barré syndrome
• Multiple sclerosis
• Sarcoidosis
• Lyme disease
Metabolic and Vascular Diseases
• Diabetes
• Hypertension
• Circulatory disorders
These diseases can impair the nerve’s nutrition, causing facial paralysis.

• Sudden weakness or paralysis on one side of the face
• Drooping and asymmetry in the corner of the mouth
• Inability to close the eyelid
• Decreased sense of taste
• Ear pain or hypersensitivity to sounds
• Tearing or dryness of the eyes

Diagnosis is made through a clinical examination by an ear, nose, throat or neurology specialist. In necessary cases:
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Computed tomography (CT)
• Hearing and balance tests
are used to investigate the underlying cause.

Treatment is planned according to the cause and severity of facial paralysis. Early treatment is of critical importance in the healing process.
1. Medical Treatment
• Corticosteroids: To reduce edema and inflammation in the nerve
• Antiviral drugs: In case of suspected viral infection
• Pain relievers: To control ear and facial pain
2. Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation
• Facial muscle exercises
• Massage applications
• Electrical stimulation (in suitable patients)
3. Eye Protection Measures
• Artificial tear drops
• Night eye closure tape
It is very important to prevent dry eyes and corneal damage.
4. Surgical Treatment
• In severe nerve damage due to trauma or tumor
• Facial nerve decompression or grafting in selected cases

The vast majority of patients show complete or near-complete recovery with appropriate treatment. The recovery time may take from weeks to a few months.